分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 700 m (Ref. 106604). 亞熱帶的; 53°N - 13°N
Probably circumglobal in warm seas.
東大西洋: 外海的愛爾蘭西南部, 地中海與葡萄牙南至塞內加爾,包括加那利群島與亞速群島島。 可能地誤入西北大西洋。 記錄來自印度了。 (參考文獻 45255)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 520 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4442); 最大体重: 1.5 t (Ref. 115943)
简单描述
型态特徵 | 形态测量图
Larger than M. hypostoma, tail with spine and prickles (Ref. 6902).
大于 M. hypostoma, 尾部有棘与刺。 (参考文献 6902)
An epipelagic species (Ref. 6808) found over continental shelves and near oceanic islands (Ref. 6679). Feeds on small pelagic fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 6679), by funnelling using their cephalic fins and then trapping or filtering the food through their specialised gill plates (Ref. 115943). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Bycatch mortalities have been reported from Mediterranean fisheries - large-scale driftnets, purse seines and trawls, bottom set nets, trammel nets, longlines and even fixed traps for tuna. It is utilized for its meat as protein source (except the head) and gill plates as ingredient in Chinese medicine (Ref. 115943)
一个表层鱼种 (参考文献 6808) 发现在大陆架上面了与在大洋性岛屿的附近.(参考文献 6679) 吃小型大洋性鱼类与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 6679) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 6679, 50449).東大西洋: 外海的愛爾蘭西南部, 地中海與葡萄牙南至塞內加爾,包括加那利群島與亞速群島島。 可能地誤入西北大西洋。 記錄來自印度了。 (參考文獻 45255)
McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Mobulidae. p. 73-76. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4442)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd+3d); Date assessed: 20 November 2018
人类利用
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.1 - 23, mean 15.8 °C (based on 226 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.56 [0.57, 78.69] mg/100g; Iron = 0.708 [0.063, 8.495] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [16, 26] %; Omega3 = 0.174 [0.053, 0.535] g/100g; Selenium = 38.5 [7.7, 213.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 2.65 [0.21, 33.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.316 [0.018, 3.678] mg/100g (wet weight);
