分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 62 m (Ref. 9710), usually ? - 10 m (Ref. 5222). 熱帶; 3°S - 31°S, 30°E - 75°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: Kenya to South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, Aldabra, Seychelles, Mauritius, St. Brandon's Shoals, Nazareth Bank, and the Chagos Archipelago. Unknown from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and the Asian coast from Arabia to India.
西印度洋: 肯亞到南非，科摩洛，馬達加斯加，亞達伯拉，塞錫爾群島，模里西斯，聖勃蘭敦的淺灘，拿撒勒岸堤, 與查戈斯群島。 未知的從紅海，波斯灣, 與來自阿拉伯到印度的亞洲海岸。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 96.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4787); 最大体重: 17.3 kg (Ref. 92920)
背棘 (总数): 7 - 8; 背的软条 (总数): 10-12; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8
Usually found in shallow water (less than 10 m), however, Kyushin et al. (1977, Ref. 6894) reported specimens caught on a vertical longline at depths of 45 to 62 m. Solitary or in small groups. Often drifts well above the bottom (Ref. 9710). Feeds exclusively on fishes (parrotfishes, wrasses, holocentrids, acanthurids, a triggerfish, and a juvenile Sphyraena) (Ref. 6448). Also caught with trawls.
通常发现于浅水区 (少于 10 公尺), 然而, Kyushin 等人。 (1977,参考文献 6894) 报告标本在一个垂直的延绳钓深度 45 到 62 公尺上面捕获了。 独居性或形成小群鱼群。 时常漂流离底部一段距离。 (参考文献 9710) 专门捕食鱼 (鹦哥鱼，隆头鱼科的鱼， holocentrids ，刺尾鱼科，一只鳞 , 与一个幼年的 Sphyraena) 。 (参考文献 6448) 也用拖网捕获。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西印度洋: 肯亞到南非，科摩洛，馬達加斯加，亞達伯拉，塞錫爾群島，模里西斯，聖勃蘭敦的淺灘，拿撒勒岸堤, 與查戈斯群島。 未知的從紅海，波斯灣, 與來自阿拉伯到印度的亞洲海岸。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25 - 28.1, mean 27.1 °C (based on 268 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00558 - 0.02364), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.79 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.7 [13.4, 37.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.457 [0.248, 0.770] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.9, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.135 [0.089, 0.206] g/100g; Selenium = 38.4 [21.4, 71.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 116 [40, 376] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.746 [0.516, 1.057] mg/100g (wet weight);
