Satanoperca pappaterra, Pantanal eartheater

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Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840)

Pantanal eartheater
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Image of Satanoperca pappaterra (Pantanal eartheater)
Satanoperca pappaterra
Picture by Sazima, I.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) 鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) 慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Geophaginae
Etymology: Satanoperca: Taken from the prince of darkness. Hube liked to name cave fishes with diabolic names based on the idea of hell being underground + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Heckel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: ? - 7.0; dH range: ? - 10. 熱帶; 24°C - 27°C (Ref. 2059)

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

South America: Amazon River basin, in the Guaporé River in Brazil and Bolivia; Paraná River basin, in the Paraguay River drainage in Brazil and northern Paraguay (to the Aquidabán River).
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域, 在巴西與玻利維亞的 Guapore 河; 巴拉納河流域, 在巴拉圭河流域在巴西與北方的巴拉圭 (到 Aquidaban 河).

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 8.6  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 115169); 27.5 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 383.00 g (Ref. 115169); 最大體重: 383.00 g

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits streams and lagoons with sandy to muddy bottom. Forages by plunging its protrusible mouth into the sandy or muddy bottom, filling it with sediment, and sorting out food inside the mouth. The bulk of the mouthful is expelled through the opercular openings and the mouth, producing a cloud of sediment (substrate sifting). This feeding mode leaves a series of pits and mounds on the bottom. Feeds on insect larvae, crustaceans, plant debris and loose scales (Ref. 40396). Discourages piranha attacks by watching the predator, a tactic used when 2-5 fish feed in groups and the individuals take turns as the "watchman". Confronts an approaching piranha by charging towards the predator with an open mouth and erect dorsal fin (Ref. 9080).

棲息於溪流與潟湖底部為砂質或泥質的地方。 藉由使它的能伸展嘴陷入覓食那沙的或泥底部, 用沉澱物填充它, 而且挑出食物嘴巴內。 一口的大多數被驅逐經過鰓蓋開口與那 嘴, 產生一大堆沉澱物 (底部篩撒). 這一個進食模態在底部上離開一系列的窪凹與堆。 吃昆蟲幼生,甲殼動物,植物殘枝與散落的鱗片。 (參考文獻 40396) 當 2-5個魚在群中覓食,而且個體輪流如 " 巡夜者 " 的時候,藉由看掠食者,一個戰略使用過的使氣餒食人魚攻擊。 藉由向掠食者襲擊面對一個接近食人魚有一個開放的嘴與直立的背鰭.(參考文獻 9080)

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | | 孕卵數 | 仔魚

Ovophile mouth brooders.南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域, 在巴西與玻利維亞的 Guapore 河; 巴拉納河流域, 在巴拉圭河流域在巴西與北方的巴拉圭 (到 Aquidaban 河).

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : Kullander, Sven O. | 合作者

Kullander, S.O., 2003. Cichlidae (Cichlids). p. 605-654. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36377)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 November 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

更多資訊

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生態毒物學
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年龄/大小
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眼睛色素

工具

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網路資源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 檢查 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因組, 核甘 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 樹狀分類階層 | Wikipedia: , 搜尋 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物學的記錄

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02630 (0.01630 - 0.04244), b=3.01 (2.87 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  2.8   ±0.34 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (18 of 100).