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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen.
More on author: Rüppell.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; saumâtre récifal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 32°N - 26°S, 30°E - 170°W (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to northern Madagascar and the Bay of Bengal; southern Japan and northern coast of Australia to the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa.
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm 6.2, range 5 - 6.7 cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 48635); common length : 7.5 cm NG mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 27550); âge max. reporté: 1.70 années (Ref. 2178)
Épines dorsales (Total): 0; Épines anales 0; Rayons mous anaux: 14 - 16. Belly rounded with 4 to 6 sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, projecting beyond second supra-maxilla and reaching to sub-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by a small bony plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays only. Anal fin short. In life, a distinct blue upper edge to its lateral stripe and a dull silver or grey band on flank, the back beige.
A schooling species found inshore, but also inhabits deep bays under oceanic influence. Rarely enter mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Probably feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans (e.g., copepods, Ref. 8591). Eggs are oval, without a knob at one end. Eggs occur intermittently in the lower reaches of mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Utilized mostly for bait, but also for human consumption as dried fish or fermented sauce (Ref. 9987).
Hata, H. and H. Motomura, 2016. Validity of Encrasicholina pseudoheteroloba (Hardenberg 1933) and redescription of Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell 1837), a senior synonym of Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley 1940) (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). Ichthyological Research 64(1):18-28.
[Published online. Journal and pages added later.] (Ref. 128293)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; appât: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.2 - 28.8, mean 27.9 °C (based on 375 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00489 - 0.00677), b=3.15 (3.11 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (K=0.80-4.09; tm=0.36-0.98).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 192 [48, 627] mg/100g; Iron = 1.52 [0.53, 3.89] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.205 [0.082, 0.508] g/100g; Selenium = 66.7 [20.9, 229.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.9 [5.5, 148.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.7 [0.9, 4.1] mg/100g (wet weight);
