分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders)
鰈科 (Righteye flounders) > Hippoglossinae
Etymology: Hippoglossus: Greek, ippos = horse + Greek, glossa = tongue (Ref. 45335); stenolepis: From the Greek hippos (horse), glossa (tounge), steno (narrow), lepis, (scale). In 1904, a Russian scientist by the name of P.J. Schmidt first proposed the scientific name based on anatomical differences such as scale shape, pectoral fin length, and body shape which he thought distinguished it from the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus). (Ref. 94075).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1200 m (Ref. 50550). 溫帶; 73°N - 42°N, 138°E - 123°W (Ref. 54557)
North Pacific: Hokkaido, Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk to the southern Chukchi Sea and Point Camalu, Baja California, Mexico.
北太平洋: 日本北海道與鄂霍次克海到楚克其人海洋南部與點 Camalu ，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 258 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 267.0 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 363.0 kg (Ref. ); 最大年齡: 55 年 (Ref. 55701)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 90-106; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 69 - 80; 脊椎骨: 49 - 51. Dorsal origin above anterior part of pupil in upper eye, generally low, higher in middle. Caudal spread and slightly lunate. Pectorals small.
在眼睛上方中的在瞳孔的前部上面的背鰭起點, 通常低的, 比較高的在中央中。 尾部的傳佈與些微新月狀。 胸鰭小的。
Found on various types of bottoms (Ref. 2850). Young are found near shore, moving out to deeper waters as they grow older (Ref. 6885). Older individuals typically move from deeper water along the edge of the continental shelf where they spend the winter, to shallow coastal water (27-274 m) for the summer (Ref. 28499). Feed on fishes, crabs, clams, squids, and other invertebrates (Ref. 6885). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).
棲息於各種不同類型的底部了。 (參考文獻 2850) 當他們生長比較年長的時候，幼魚被發現被外移至比較深的水域的近岸。 (參考文獻 6885) 年紀較大的個體典型地從較深的水域移動沿著大陸棚的邊緣在那裡它們度過冬天, 對水淺的海岸水域 (27-274 公尺) 夏天.(參考文獻 28499) 吃魚，螃蟹，蛤，烏賊與其他的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 6885) 生鮮使用, 乾燥或鹽醃, 煙燻與冷凍的; 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波了而且燒烤了.(參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
北太平洋: 日本北海道與鄂霍次克海到楚克其人海洋南部與點 Camalu ，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 November 2020
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.3 - 5.7, mean 1.6 °C (based on 454 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00398 - 0.01000), b=3.14 (3.00 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (rm=0.2; K=0.05; tm=5-20; tmax=55).
Prior r = 0.11, 95% CL = 0.06 - 0.18, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.89 [2.92, 21.69] mg/100g; Iron = 0.202 [0.078, 0.561] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.391 [0.169, 0.895] g/100g; Selenium = 42.3 [14.7, 110.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.8 [2.5, 41.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.412 [0.179, 0.699] mg/100g (wet weight);
