分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers)
鱂形目 (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Fundulidae (Topminnows and killifishes)
底鮰科 (Topminnows and killifishes)
Etymology: Fundulus: Latin, fundus = bottom; a peculiar name for a topminnow, coined for a bottom species of Atlantic coast being "the abode of the fundulus mudfish" (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 非遷移的. 亞熱帶的
Western Central Atlantic: Endangered and endemic species found in Bermuda with highly fragmented populations and a very limited range (Ref. 59049).
Fundulus bermudae is believed to be a descendant of the Fundulus heteroclitus - F. grandis species group originating from populations on the east coast of North America (Ref. 59062). It is presently believed that none of the killifish ponds in Bermuda contain mixed populations of Fundulus bermudae and F. relictus.
中西大西洋: 發現於百慕達群島的瀕臨絕種與本地的種具有高度地碎片族群與非常有限制的範圍.(參考文獻 59049)
百慕大底鮰〔Fundulus bermudae〕 被相信是 底鮰〔Fundulus heteroclitus〕的一個後裔 - F. grandis 種群起源於在北美洲的東海岸上的族群.(參考文獻 59062) 目前它是相信沒有一個鱂科魚類池塘在百慕達群島包含混合 百慕大底鮰〔Fundulus bermudae〕 與 F. relictus 的族群。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 7.7, range 6 - 9.8 cm
Max length : 12.9 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59051); common length : 6.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 59051); 最大體重: 17.00 g (Ref. 59049); 最大體重: 17.00 g
A euryhaline species found only in a limited number of small, isolated fresh water, brackish water, and marine ponds (Ref. 59051). Recent study confines the distribution of this species to seven small, anchialine ponds in Bermuda (Ref. 59049). Total estimated population is 15,200 individuals in Mangrove Lake which is the largest anchialine pond in Bermuda (Ref. 59049). Non-annual killifish (Ref. 27139). May form loose schools consisting of equally sized individuals (Ref. 59051). An omnivorous fish, feeding on filamentous green algae, plant material, mollusks, crustaceans and insects (Ref. 59156). The main predators include a variety of birds (mostly herons), and fishes (eastern mosquito fish Gambusia holbrooki, gray snapper Lutjanus griseus, and American eel, Anguilla rostrata). Additionally, it is believed that the introduced and invasive red-eared terrapin Trachemys scripta elegans is a significant predator in a limited number of ponds (Ref. 59051). Spawning period occurs from February to September in Mangrove Lake, with primary peaks in May and June for males and females, respectively (Ref. 59049).
發現的一個廣鹽性種類只在一個小又孤立淡水，半淡鹹水與海洋的池塘有限的數目中。 (參考文獻 59051) 最近的研究疆界這種的分布到七小的, 在百慕達群島的 anchialine 池塘.(參考文獻 59049) 估計族群在紅樹林湖是 15,200個個體的總數是百慕達群島中最大的 anchialine 池塘。 (參考文獻 59049) 非每年的鱂科魚類.(參考文獻 27139) 可能形成包含相同大小的個體鬆散的魚群。 (參考文獻 59051) 一個雜食性的魚, 吃絲狀的綠藻，植物，軟體動物，甲殼動物與昆蟲。 (參考文獻 59156) 主要的掠食者包括多種鳥 (大部份蒼鷺), 與魚。 (東方的蚊子魚 Gambusia holbrooki ，灰色笛鯛 Lutjanus griseus 與美國鰻魚, 安圭拉 rostrata) 附加地, 一般相信那引入與侵入的紅色-有耳的食用龜 Trachemys scripta elegans 在一個池塘的有限數目中是一個重要的掠食者.(參考文獻 59051) 產卵時期在紅樹林湖生存於二月到九月, 在五月與六月中有初期的峰巔雄魚與雌性, 分別地.(參考文獻 59049)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
中西大西洋: 發現於百慕達群島的瀕臨絕種與本地的種具有高度地碎片族群與非常有限制的範圍.(參考文獻 59049)
百慕大底鮰〔Fundulus bermudae〕 被相信是 底鮰〔Fundulus heteroclitus〕的一個後裔 - F. grandis 種群起源於在北美洲的東海岸上的族群.(參考文獻 59062) 目前它是相信沒有一個鱂科魚類池塘在百慕達群島包含混合 百慕大底鮰〔Fundulus bermudae〕 與 F. relictus 的族群。
Huber, J.H., 1996. Killi-Data 1996. Updated checklist of taxonomic names, collecting localities and bibliographic references of oviparous Cyprinodont fishes (Atherinomorpha, Pisces). Société Française d'Ichtyologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 399 p. (Ref. 27139)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00289 - 0.01819), b=3.17 (2.98 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 108).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
