Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
; agua dulce; salobre demersal; potamodromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 0 - ? m (Ref. 4833). Tropical; 22°C - 30°C (Ref. 1672); 28°N - 10°S
Asia: India to Wallace line including China. May have been distributed in more areas than were commonly reported.
Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 4833); common length : 12.5 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 2686)
Espinas dorsales (total): 16 - 20; Radios blandos dorsales (total): 7-10; Espinas anales 9-11; Radios blandos anales: 8 - 11. Color in life dark to pale greenish, very pale below, back dusky to olive; head with longitudinal stripes ventrally; posterior margin of opercle with a dark spot; iris golden reddish. Body form variable, affected by age and amount of food consumed. Scaled head with 4-5 rows between eye and rear margin of preoperculum. Scales large and regularly arranged, ciliate.
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found mostly in canals, lakes, ponds, swamps and estuaries (Ref. 41236, 57235). Adults occur in medium to large rivers, brooks, flooded fields and stagnant water bodies including sluggish flowing canals (Ref. 12975). Often found in areas with dense vegetation (Ref. 12693). Can tolerate extremely unfavorable water conditions and is associated mainly with turbid, stagnant waters (Ref. 6028). They remain buried under the mud during dry season (Ref. 1479). Feed on macrophytic vegetation, shrimps and fish fry (Ref. 6028). Reported to undertake lateral migration from the Mekong mainstream, or other permanent water bodies, to flooded areas during the flood season and return to the permanent water bodies at the onset of the dry season (Ref. 37770). During the dry season, they stay in pools associated with submerged woods and shrubs (Ref. 37770). Posses an accessory air-breathing organ (Ref. 2847). Able to survive for several days or weeks out of water if the air breathing organs can be kept moist (Ref. 1479). Quite famous for its ability to walk; important food fish in SE Asia, considered as a tasty food fish (Ref. 6565) but not of the finest quality since it is bony (Ref. 2686). Usually sold live in markets where it is kept alive for several days by keeping it moist (Ref. 12693). Economic foodfish in the Southeast Asia (Ref. 57235).
Guards eggs at the surface of hypoxic waters (Ref. 7471).
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, i-xxii + 543-1158, 1 pl. (Ref. 4833)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: comercial; Acuicultura: comercial; Acuario: Comercial
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02344 (0.01723 - 0.03189), b=2.95 (2.86 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 0.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Alto, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo inferior a 15 meses (Assuming tm=1; K=1.4; Fec=40,000-80,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 76.8 [41.1, 193.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.19 [0.69, 2.09] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [16.8, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.252 [0.115, 0.556] g/100g; Selenium = 85.1 [35.7, 194.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 43.8 [20.5, 94.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.958 [0.599, 1.533] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
