Epinephelus merra, Honeycomb grouper : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium

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Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793

Honeycomb grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Epinephelus merra   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus merra (Honeycomb grouper)
Epinephelus merra
Picture by Randall, J.E.

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 0 - 50 m (Ref. 9710), usually ? - 20 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 35°N - 35°S, 28°E - 129°W (Ref. 5222)

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: South Africa to French Polynesia. Not known from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, nor Asian mainland.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm 11.0, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 36.5 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 125599); max. veröff. Gewicht: 1.0 kg (Ref. 125599)

Kurzbeschreibung Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt): 11; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt): 15-17; Afterflossenstacheln 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: greatest body depth 2.8-3.3 in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 in SL; preopercle rounded or subangular, the serrae at angle enlarged; upper edge of operculum almost straight; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2-4 rows of teeth, the inner teeth about twice length of outer ones; gill rakers of first gill arch 6-9 + 14-17; dorsal fin spines third to last subequal, the longest 2.4-3.2 in HL; anal fin spines second and third subequal, 2.1-3.0 in HL and longer than depth of peduncle; caudal fin rounded, peduncle depth 3.2-4.1 in HL; pectoral-fin rays 16-18; lateral-line scales 48-54, in series 98-114. Head, body, and fins pale, are covered with close-set (sometimes coalesced), dark brown or reddish brown spots, the interspaces forming an irregular pale reticulum; pectoral fins are covered with distinct small black spots, largely confined to the rays (the best diagnostic colour character of this species) (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102).

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

A solitary fish, in coastal and offshore reefs usually in less than 20 m depth (Ref. 90102); also very common in shallow lagoon and semi-protected seaward reefs. Juveniles are common in thickets of staghorn Acropora corals. Feed on crustaceans and fishes. Increase of piscivory with age is observed in this species. Neither opercular spine nor anterolateral glandular grooves with venom gland is present (Ref. 57406). Current information in the table (dangerous fish) do not match; needs verification. Cultured under experimental conditions in the Philippines (Ref. 4757). In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). It is important to artisanal fisheries because of its abundance in shallow water and caught with handlines, fish traps, and spear (Ref. 39231).

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 17 January 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30298)





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell; Aquakultur: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: Öffentliche Aquarien
FAO - Fischereien: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Mehr Information

Namen
Synonyme
Metabolismus
Räuber
Ökotoxikologie
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Ablaichen
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
Eier
Eientwicklung
Alter/Größe
Wachstum
Länge-Gewicht
Länge-Länge
Längenhäufigkeiten
Morphometrie
Morphologie
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Rekrutierung
Dichte
BRUVS
Referenzen
Aquakultur
Aquakultur Profil
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Genetik
Electrophoreses
Vererbbarkeit
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Nutrients
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Laute
Ciguatera
Geschwindigkeit
Schwimmstil
Kiemenoberfläche
Otoliths
Gehirngröße
Sehfähigkeit

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.6 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 760 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.01064 - 0.01358), b=3.04 (3.02 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (K=0.3-0.6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 48.4 [23.5, 101.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.721 [0.369, 1.518] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.9, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.132 [0.080, 0.213] g/100g; Selenium = 32.9 [17.0, 64.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 254 [64, 968] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.91, 2.01] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.