Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
; marien benthopelagisch; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepteverspreiding 5 - 110 m (Ref. 12260). Subtropical; 46°N - 10°S, 47°E - 142°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Indonesia, north to Hokkaido, Japan. Extralimital captures have been made from the Adriatic and off Hawaii. Not recorded from Australasia. Northeastern Atlantic: 3 reports of capture reported from this area (Ref. 86350).
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 25.3, range 18 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 9811); common length : 30.0 cm SL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 9811); Maximaal vermelde leeftijd: 7 jaren (Ref. 45538)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 37-43; Wervels: 34 - 37. Body firm, very deep, oval, and compressed. Operculum absent; gill opening reduced to a vertical slit on the side of the body; gill membrane broadly united to isthmus. Dorsal and anal fins preceded by a series of 5 to 10 blade-like spines with anterior and posterior points. Pelvic fins absent. Caudal fin deeply forked, the lower lobe longer than the upper. Color is gray above grading to silvery white towards the belly, with small black dots all over the body. Fins are faintly yellow; vertical fins with dark edges.
Inshore species, usually in schools over muddy bottoms, associated with fish species like Nemipterus and Leiognathus. Adults feed on ctenophores, salps, medusae, and other zooplankton groups. Western populations spawn from late winter through the summer with peaks from April to June. Sold fresh in local markets or shipped frozen to urban centers. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Haedrich, R.L., 1984. Stromateidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 4. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3517)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 123251)
CITES (Ref. 123416)
Not Evaluated
Gevaarlijk voor mensen
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van groot commercieel belang
Tools
Speciale rapporten
Download XML
Internet-bronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 21.9 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1636 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01444 - 0.02515), b=3.02 (2.94 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.24-0.26; tmax=7; Fec=5,470).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 9 stock assessments.
Kwetsbaarheid (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100) .
