Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 91 - 350 m (Ref. 9341). Subtropical; 37°N - 22°N, 123°W - 108°W
Eastern Central Pacific: California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California (between 28°58'N and 26°59'N).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2850); publicerad maxvikt: 2.7 kg (Ref. 40637)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 12 - 14; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 12-14; Taggstrålar i analfenan 3; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 7 - 8; Ryggkotor: 26. Branchiostegal rays: 7 (Ref. 36715).
Juveniles up to 6 cm SL are pelagic (Ref. 9341). An important game fish (Ref. 9341). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae (Ref. 36715). Marketed whole or as fillet (Ref. 9341).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Ytterligare information
referenserVattenbrukVattenbruksprofilAvelslinjerGenetikElectrophoresesÄrftlighetSjukdomarBehandlingNutrientsMass conversion
MedarbetareBilderStamps, Coins Misc.LjudCiguateraHastighetSimsättGälytaOtolithsHjärnstorlekSyn
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.8 - 15.2, mean 12.7 °C (based on 18 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00499 - 0.02004), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mycket låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mer än 14 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).