Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; खारा ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 20 - 100 m (Ref. 4233), usually ? - 60 m (Ref. 57392). Subtropical; 39°N - 28°S
Eastern Atlantic Ocean: Madeira, Canarias, Cabo Verde and from Senegal to Namibia. Replaced by Selene setapinnis in western Atlantic. These two species have not been adequately studied and may prove to be conspecific.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 57392); common length : 24.0 cm FL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3195); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.5 kg (Ref. 27584)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 9; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 23-24; गुदा कांटा 1-3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 18 - 20. Diagnosis: body short, deep (depth comprised 1.7-2.3 times in fork length) and strongly compressed; head with a typical hump above eyes and a steep frontal profile that is slightly concave in front of eyes; lower jaw prominent; 2 dorsal fins, 1st with 8 spines that are very short in adults, 2nd with 1 spine and 23 or 24 soft rays; anal fin with 2 anterior detached spines (resorbed in adults), followed by 1 spine and 18-20 soft rays; anterior lobes of soft dorsal and anal fins small or indistinct; pelvic fins very short, nearly rudimentary; body (except breast) entirely covered with minute cycloid scales embedded in the skin; lateral line distinctly arched over pectoral fins, with some weak scutes on the straight posterior part; 2 lateral keels at base of caudal fin (Ref. 57392). Silvery with faint dusky opercular spot; juveniles with oval black spot over straight lateral line (Ref. 3197).
Coloration: entirely silvery with bluish reflections that are more pronounced on dorsal half; a blackish spot at upper angle of gill cover; in juveniles, another blackish spot on sides of body, at the inflexion point of the lateral line; fins hyaline (Ref. 57392).
Adults usually found near the bottom (Ref. 4233, 57392). Occasionally enters lagoons and estuaries, especially during juvenile stage (Ref. 57392). Juveniles occur in surface waters often near bays and river mouths (Ref. 4233). Form schools (Ref. 4233, 57392). Feed on crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 4233). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक
अधिक जानकारी
आम नामउपशब्दचपायचयपरभक्षीईकोटोकसीकोलौजीपुनरुत्पत्तिपरिपक्व अवधिमछलीऔ का अंडे देनाSpawning aggregationFecundityअंडेEgg development
संदर्भजलीयकृषिजलीयकृषि रूपरेखाखींचआनुवंशिकीElectrophoresesहैरेटिबिलटीबीमारीप्रक्रमणNutrientsMass conversion
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.3 - 25.9, mean 20.6 °C (based on 42 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00861 - 0.02542), b=2.89 (2.75 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=0.6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 118 [67, 251] mg/100g; Iron = 1.51 [0.87, 2.91] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.3, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.468 [0.293, 0.802] g/100g; Selenium = 26.2 [13.7, 52.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.85 [2.81, 26.09] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.768 [0.545, 1.101] mg/100g (wet weight);
