分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 40 - 385 m. 亞熱帶的; 37°N - 18°N
Western Atlantic: North Carolina to Florida Keys in USA and throughout the Gulf of Mexico.
西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達在美國與在墨西哥灣各處調音。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251)
Inhabits offshore waters. Cleithral spine with venom gland (Ref. 57406).
棲息於離岸水域。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達在美國與在墨西哥灣各處調音。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
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俗名同種異名新陳代謝捕食者生態毒物學繁殖成熟度產卵場產卵群集孕卵數卵卵發育
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16 - 25.3, mean 20.8 °C (based on 56 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00631 (0.00266 - 0.01494), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).