分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335); symmetricus: From symmetricus which means regularly formed - referring to the rough tail (Ref. 6885).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 400 m. 亞熱帶的; 65°N - 13°N
Eastern Pacific: southeastern Alaska to southern Baja California, Mexico and the Gulf of California; reported from Acapulco in Mexico and the Galapagos Islands.
東太平洋: 阿拉斯加州東南方到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部與加州灣; 在墨西哥與加拉巴哥群島記錄自亞嘉普科了。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 31 cm
Max length : 81.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 55.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9283); 最大年龄: 30 年 (Ref. 766)
背棘 (总数): 8 - 9; 背的软条 (总数): 28-38; 臀棘 1-2; 臀鳍软条: 22 - 33; 脊椎骨: 23 - 25. Small specimens may have an additional forward-directed spine at first dorsal origin (embedded in larger specimens).
小的标本在第一背鳍起源可能有一根附加的朝向前的棘。 (插入较大的标本)
Adults are often found offshore, up to 500 miles from the coast (Ref. 9283). They form large schools (Ref. 2850). Young frequently occur in school near kelp and under piers (Ref. 2850). They feed mainly on small crustaceans and fish larvae (Ref. 9283). Large individuals often move inshore and north in the summer (Ref. 2850). Marketed fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
距离海岸达到 500 哩处, 时常发现于外海。 (参考文献 9283) 形成大群鱼群。 (参考文献 2850) 幼鱼时常出现在在海藻附近的鱼群与在码头下面.(参考文献 2850) 主要吃小型甲壳动物与仔鱼。 (参考文献 9283) 大的个体时常向海岸移动与向北夏天时.(参考文献 2850) 在市场上销售生鲜、烟熏、罐装及冷冻; 油炸后食用, 火烤了而且烧烤了。 (参考文献 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東太平洋: 阿拉斯加州東南方到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞南部與加州灣; 在墨西哥與加拉巴哥群島記錄自亞嘉普科了。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 16.2, mean 9.2 °C (based on 50 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00587 - 0.01627), b=2.96 (2.82 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.09-0.21;tm=2-3; tmax=30; Fec<50,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 256 [162, 427] mg/100g; Iron = 4.83 [2.91, 8.14] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [19.0, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.337 [0.227, 0.527] g/100g; Selenium = 34.8 [19.9, 61.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.65 [1.75, 28.82] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.51 [1.11, 2.16] mg/100g (wet weight);
