分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
無鬚鱈科 (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 50 - 1248 m (Ref. 112558), usually 50 - 550 m (Ref. 58452). 深水域; 29°N - 19°S, 19°W - 15°E (Ref. 58452)
Eastern Atlantic: off the coast of tropical West Africa, from Mauritania to Angola. Range reported to extend to off southwest Africa near Cape Frio, Namibia (Ref. 6524).
東大西洋: 外海的熱帶非洲西方部的海岸, 從茅利塔尼亞到安哥拉。 範圍報告延伸到在那米比亞的 Frio 岬附近的外海的非洲西南部。 (參考文獻 6524)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 44.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26999)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 1; 背的軟條 (總數): 45-52. Head large and little depressed. Pectoral fin tips usually reaching the origin of anal fin in small but not in large individuals. Scales easily shed. Color usually blackish on back, steel gray to blackish on belly; caudal fin white-edged.
頭部大的而且完全不扁平的。 胸鰭頂端通常達到臀鰭起點在小的但是不較大時個體。 鱗片容易地脫落。 顏色通常黑色的背面, 鐵灰色的到黑色的在腹面上; 尾鰭邊緣白色的。
Feeds mainly on small fishes and partly on squids and shrimps (Ref. 1371). Marketed mostly fresh and frozen, also used for fishmeal and oil (Ref. 1371). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 1371.
主要吃小魚而且部分在烏賊與蝦上。 (參考文獻 1371) 市場上大部份生鮮地銷售與冷凍的, 也製成魚漿與油.(參考文獻 1371) 最小深度報告取自參考文獻 1371.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 外海的熱帶非洲西方部的海岸, 從茅利塔尼亞到安哥拉。 範圍報告延伸到在那米比亞的 Frio 岬附近的外海的非洲西南部。 (參考文獻 6524)
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.3 - 19.8, mean 14.2 °C (based on 93 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00243 - 0.00821), b=3.09 (2.93 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.63 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.39(?); assuming tm>=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.3 [5.5, 40.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.351 [0.069, 0.938] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [16.0, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.158 [0.081, 0.306] g/100g; Selenium = 28.7 [12.1, 62.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.7 [1.9, 42.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.203 [0.137, 0.312] mg/100g (wet weight);
