分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 9316), usually ? - 229 m (Ref. 2850). 溫帶; 51°N - 15°N, 130°W - 77°W (Ref. 58452)
Eastern Pacific: northern Vancouver Island, Canada to northern part of the Gulf of California. A record from the Gulf of Alaska is doubtful.
東太平洋: 溫哥華島北部在加拿大對加州灣的北部。 一個記錄從阿拉斯加灣是可疑的。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 37.0, range 34 - 40 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 127973); 105.0 cm TL (female); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大体重: 4.2 kg (Ref. 127973); 最大体重: 4.2 kg; 最大年龄: 16 年 (Ref. 56527)
背棘 (总数): 1; 背的软条 (总数): 48-56; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 40 - 43. Head rather short. Pectoral fin tips usually reaching to or beyond the origin of anal fin. Caudal fin always concave. Color silvery on back grading to whitish ventrally.
头部相当短。 胸鳍顶端通常延伸到或超过臀鳍起点。 尾鳍总是凹曲。 银色的背面渐层色到微白色的腹地。
Inhabit oceanic and coastal areas, but mainly on the continental shelf (Ref. 1371). Although often classified as demersal, the distribution and behavior suggest a largely pelagic existence (Ref. 1371). Adults live in large schools in waters overlying the continental shelf and slope except during the spawning season when they are found several hundred miles seaward (Ref. 1371). A nocturnal feeder (Ref. 6885) that feed on a variety of fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 1371). Important prey for sea lions and small cetaceans (Ref. 2850); also prey of dogfish (Ref. 11384).
栖息于大洋性的与沿岸区域, 但是主要在大陆棚.(参考文献 1371) 虽然时常机密的如底栖，分布与行为建议一个相当大洋性的生存.(参考文献 1371) 成鱼在正在过度地大陆棚及大陆坡的水域中生活于大群鱼群除了在产卵季节的时候之外当他们被发现几百哩临海的时候.(参考文献 1371) 吃多种鱼与无脊椎动物的一个夜行的捕食者 (参考文献 6885).(参考文献 1371) 为海狮与小的鲸类重要的猎物;(参考文献 2850) 也狗鲨捕食。 (参考文献 11384)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東太平洋: 溫哥華島北部在加拿大對加州灣的北部。 一個記錄從阿拉斯加灣是可疑的。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 12.6, mean 8.6 °C (based on 23 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00381 - 0.00548), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=17; tm=4; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref.
36717)).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.2 [5.9, 23.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.258 [0.108, 0.535] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [17.0, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.307 [0.183, 0.505] g/100g; Selenium = 21.6 [9.0, 51.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.2 [5.7, 53.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.357 [0.261, 0.491] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
