分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Merlucciidae (Merluccid hakes)
無鬚鱈科 (Merluccid hakes)
Etymology: Merluccius: Latin, mar, maris = the sea + Latin, lucius = pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 9316), usually ? - 229 m (Ref. 2850). 溫帶; 51°N - 15°N, 130°W - 77°W (Ref. 58452)
Eastern Pacific: northern Vancouver Island, Canada to northern part of the Gulf of California. A record from the Gulf of Alaska is doubtful.
東太平洋: 溫哥華島北部在加拿大對加州灣的北部。 一個記錄從阿拉斯加灣是可疑的。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 37.0, range 34 - 40 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 127973); 105.0 cm TL (female); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 4.2 kg (Ref. 127973); 最大體重: 4.2 kg; 最大年齡: 16 年 (Ref. 56527)
背棘 (總數): 1; 背的軟條 (總數): 48-56; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 40 - 43. Head rather short. Pectoral fin tips usually reaching to or beyond the origin of anal fin. Caudal fin always concave. Color silvery on back grading to whitish ventrally.
頭部相當短。 胸鰭頂端通常延伸到或超過臀鰭起點。 尾鰭總是凹曲。 銀色的背面漸層色到微白色的腹地。
Inhabit oceanic and coastal areas, but mainly on the continental shelf (Ref. 1371). Although often classified as demersal, the distribution and behavior suggest a largely pelagic existence (Ref. 1371). Adults live in large schools in waters overlying the continental shelf and slope except during the spawning season when they are found several hundred miles seaward (Ref. 1371). A nocturnal feeder (Ref. 6885) that feed on a variety of fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 1371). Important prey for sea lions and small cetaceans (Ref. 2850); also prey of dogfish (Ref. 11384).
棲息於大洋性的與沿岸區域, 但是主要在大陸棚.(參考文獻 1371) 雖然時常機密的如底棲，它的分布與行為建議一個相當大洋性的生存.(參考文獻 1371) 成魚在正在過度地大陸棚及大陸坡的水域中生活於大群魚群除了在產卵季節的時候之外當他們被發現幾百哩臨海的時候.(參考文獻 1371) 吃多種魚與無脊椎動物的一個夜行的捕食者 (參考文獻 6885).(參考文獻 1371) 為海獅與小的鯨類重要的獵物;(參考文獻 2850) 也狗鯊捕食。 (參考文獻 11384)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東太平洋: 溫哥華島北部在加拿大對加州灣的北部。 一個記錄從阿拉斯加灣是可疑的。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7 - 12.6, mean 8.6 °C (based on 23 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00381 - 0.00548), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=17; tm=4; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref.
36717)).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.74, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.2 [5.9, 23.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.258 [0.108, 0.535] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [17.0, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.307 [0.183, 0.505] g/100g; Selenium = 21.6 [9.0, 51.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.2 [5.7, 53.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.357 [0.261, 0.491] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
