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Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335); kisutch: Most probably a typo in the emendada p720 for kisutch, which is the vernacular name of this fish in Kamtchatka (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Walbaum.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 大洋性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550). 温带; 0°C - 25°C (Ref. 35682); 72°N - 22°N, 135°E - 111°W (Ref. 117423)
North Pacific: distributed from the Anadyr River in Russia south towards Hokkaido, Japan, and from Point Hope in Alaska southwards to Chamalu Bay in Baja California, Mexico.
北太平洋: Anadyr 河, 俄国南至日本北海道; 指出希望, 阿拉斯加州南至 Chamalu 海湾，墨西哥的下加利福尼亚。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 108 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 65.5 cm (female); common length : 71.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 593); common length :59.5 cm (female); 最大体重: 15.2 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 36794)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 9-13; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 17; 脊椎骨: 61 - 69. Characterized by the presence of small black spots on the back and on the upper lobe of the caudal fin, and by the lack of dark pigment along the gum line of the lower jaw (Ref. 27547). The gill rakers are rough and widely spaced; the lateral line is nearly straight (Ref. 27547). The adipose fin is slender; the pelvic fins have an axillary extension (Ref. 27547). Fish in the sea are dark metallic blue or greenish on the back and upper sides, a brilliant silver color on middle and lower sides, and white below; small black spots are present on the back and upper sides and on the upper lobe of the caudal fin (Ref. 27547). During the spawning season fish turn dark to bright green on head and back, bright red on the sides, and often dark on the belly (Ref. 27547). Females are less brightly colored than males (Ref. 27547).
特徵为出现在背部上的小黑色的斑点了与在尾鳍的上叶上, 而且藉由没有深色的沿着下面颌的树胶线.(参考文献 27547) 鳃耙粗糙, 分开很远; 侧线几乎是直的.(参考文献 27547) 脂鳍细长的; 腹鳍有腋窝的羽翼突起.(参考文献 27547) 在海洋的鱼是黑的铁蓝色或呈绿色的在背部与上侧面上, 一亮银色在中下游的侧边上, 与腹面白色的; 小的黑色斑点位于背面与上侧面之上与在上叶上尾部的.(参考文献 27547) 鱼在繁殖方面，环境在头部与背部上对明亮的绿色变黑的, 鲜红色侧边上, 与时常黑的在腹面上.(参考文献 27547) 雌性不比雄性色彩鲜艳。 (参考文献 27547)
The fish occur in the ocean or in lakes; adults return to the rivers where they were born (Ref. 27547). The young fish emerge in springtime and they usually live in fresh water for 1-2 years (sometimes up to 4 years, Ref. 27547); later they migrate at night to freshwater lakes or to the sea (Ref. 1998). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). The fish that stay more than two years in fresh water and become sexually ripe without ever going to sea, are called residuals; they never spawn (Ref. 27547). Young fish in lakes and rivers eat mainly insects; they stay almost entirely in deep parts of the river and soon become strongly territorial (Ref. 27547). Upon reaching the sea, the smolts remain close to the coast for a certain time, eating planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 27547). As they grow, they migrate farther out into the sea and hunt larger organisms (Ref. 27547) such as jellyfish, squids and fishes (Ref. 58426). They are hunted by various fishes, birds (mergansers, loons and kingfishers), mammals and lampreys (Ref. 1998). This kind is traded as fresh fish, dried or salted, smoked, canned, preserved and frozen (Ref. 9988). They are steamed, grilled, broiled, cooked in the microwave and baked (Ref. 9988).
出现于海洋或者在被回到他们利用如银色幼鲑期到产卵期的时候的溪流的湖中.(参考文献 27547) 幼鱼在春天浮现而且通常对于 1-2 年 (有时超过 4 个数年, 参考文献 27547) 生活于淡水, 此后他们移动在晚上到淡水湖泊或到海洋.(参考文献 1998) 在淡水中停留超过二年的个体而且性成熟曾经没有去海洋被称为剩余; 他们从不产卵。 (参考文献 27547) 幼鱼在淡水溪流主要捕食昆虫而且几乎完全地留在水池而且很快变成强烈具有领域性.(参考文献 27547) 当达到海洋,两岁大的小鲑鱼暂时保持近海, 吃浮游性甲壳动物.(参考文献 27547) 当他们生长比较大, 他们在外更远的移动而且吃较大的生物.(参考文献 27547) 被各种不同的鱼，鸟 (秋沙鸭，潜鸟与鱼狗) ，哺乳动物与八目鳗捕食了。 (参考文献 1998) 在市场上销售新鲜的，乾燥或盐腌, 烟熏, 将, 装于罐头治疗, 与冷冻。 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波了, 而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988) 这种的阿拉斯加州鲑鱼渔场已经被检定藉由海洋的总管职务会议 (http:// www.msc.org/) 当管理良好且族群能维持。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Adults migrate from the sea or lake, school at mouths of rivers, and move upstream when rains increase river flow (Ref. 1998). As a rule, the winter entries (December and January) occur in the southern part of the range, with appearance in fresh water becoming progressively earlier to the north (Ref. 30381, 30382, 30383). At the spawning area, the female finds a spot and digs a pitt. At this point she is aggressive toward other females. While digging, an attendant male courts her or is busy driving away other males. As soon as the pitt is completed, the female drops into it and is immediately followed by the male. The pair are side by side, they open their mouth, quiver and release egg and sperm (Ref. 27547). At this point, other males move in and release sperm into the nest (Ref. 1998). The female quickly moves to the upstream edge of the nest and starts digging a new pitt, covering the eggs. The whole process is repeated for several days until the female deposits all her eggs. The male then leaves and may seek another female. The spent female usually continues to dig, until she dies (Ref. 27547).
Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846).北太平洋: Anadyr 河, 俄国南至日本北海道; 指出希望, 阿拉斯加州南至 Chamalu 海湾，墨西哥的下加利福尼亚。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1 - 8.9, mean 3.9 °C (based on 453 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00482 - 0.02276), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.98(?); tm=2-4; Fec=1,400).
Prior r = 0.36, 95% CL = 0.24 - 0.55, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.9 [13.0, 81.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.24 [0.62, 2.64] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 1.13 [0.55, 2.34] g/100g; Selenium = 161 [50, 502] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12 [3, 42] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.543 [0.347, 1.065] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
