Lớp phụ Cá sụn (cá mập và cá đuối) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology:
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển gần đáy; Mức độ sâu 1 - 170 m (Ref. 6871). Temperate; 32°S - 44°S, 115°E - 153°E (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Indian Ocean: endemic to southern Australia.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 114953)
Short description
Hình thái học | Sinh trắc học
Dorsal surface greyish or greyish brown with irregularly spaced white flecks, ventral surface cream or white, occasionally with greyish areas. Disc quadrangular, broader than long. Snout of moderate length, broadly rounded and knob-like at snout tip. Tail short, very depressed, broad; lateral skin folds prominent. A row of 1-5 thorns on nuchal and shoulder region, orbital and malar thorns absent. Alar thorns retractable. Tail with 1-3 rows of thorns, outer rows located near lateral margin.
Most abundant in shallow water near shore (Ref. 6871). Found over soft bottom (Ref. 7300, 75154). Recorded to be found at 345 m depth (Ref. 114953). Diet mainly consists of crabs, octopuses and small bony fishes (Ref. 114953). Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Males reaches maturity at ca. 127 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Eggs have horn-like projections on the shell (Ref. 205). Egg cases ca. 22 cm long, hatch size at ca. 20 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Thorny tail can inflict a minor injury (Ref. 6871).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic (Ref. 6871)
Human uses
Thêm thông tin
Age/SizeSự sinh trưởngLength-weightLength-lengthLength-frequenciesSinh trắc họcHình thái họcẤu trùngSự biến động ấu trùngBổ xungSự phong phúBRUVS
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14 - 18.2, mean 16.3 °C (based on 139 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 4.5 - 14 năm (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 6.63 [1.27, 32.23] mg/100g; Iron = 0.262 [0.068, 0.736] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [14.6, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.728 [0.235, 2.708] g/100g; Selenium = 13.4 [3.9, 43.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.1 [3.3, 32.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.335 [0.162, 0.594] mg/100g (wet weight);