Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 15 - 400 m (Ref. 6763). Subtropical; 62°N - 16°N, 19°W - 37°E
Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea.
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 15.8, range 17 - 18 cm
Max length : 56.4 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 86700); common length : 22.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3397); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 940.00 g (Ref. 40637)
The shoulder spines can inflict, painful stings. Usually found buried in the sand or mud. Equipped with an acoustic apparatus that generates both acoustic and electric pulses. Electric discharge activity shows two temporal patterns: 1) reflexive discharges of short duration (milliseconds), elicited by mechanical stimulation, and 2) those of much longer duration (several seconds) observed only during the summer spawning period (Ref. 10011). Low-frequency spontaneous discharge activity (5-10 Hz), with a sexual dimorphism in discharge amplitude is also said to exist. This species suggestively represents a transitional form in the evolution of electric organs in fishes (Ref. 10577). Oviparous, eggs, larvae and juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 6763). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9987).
Roux, C., 1990. Uranoscopidae. p. 897-898. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7366)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; आखेट मत्स्य: हां
अधिक जानकारी
सहयोगीयोतस्वीरेStamps, Coins Misc.ध्वनिसिगुयटिरारफ्तारतैरने के प्रकारगिल क्षेत्रOtolithsदिमागदृष्टि
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.2 - 17, mean 14.2 °C (based on 228 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00979 - 0.01477), b=3.04 (2.98 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.2 [40.3, 127.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.66, 1.74] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.445 [0.303, 0.666] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [15.8, 60.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.2 [9.2, 80.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.603 [0.430, 0.869] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
