分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mugiliformes (Mullets)
鱸形目 (Mullets) >
Mugilidae (Mullets)
鯔科 (Mullets)
Etymology: Chelon: Greek, chelone = turtle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 降海洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 20 m (Ref. 7399). 溫帶; 64°N - 20°N, 26°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Scotland to Cape Verde; in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Also in coastal waters from southern Norway to Morocco, rare off Mauritania (Ref. 3573). Records from the lagoon of Accra are probably misidentifications.
東大西洋: 到維德角的蘇格蘭; 在地中海與黑海。 也在來自南方的挪威到摩洛哥的沿岸水域中, 稀有的茅利塔尼亞外海到.(參考文獻 3573) 阿克拉的記錄從潟湖是可能是誤鑑。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 34.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 117745); common length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7399); 最大體重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 117745)
背棘 (總數): 5; 背的軟條 (總數): 7-9; 臀棘 3. Longer pectoral fins, lack of black spot at the pectoral fin base. Golden spot present in gill cover (Ref. 35388).
較長的胸鰭, 在胸鰭基底沒有黑色的斑點。 金的斑點出現在鰓蓋。 (參考文獻 35388)
Adults are neritic usually in schools, entering lagoons and lower estuaries (Ref. 7399); rarely entering freshwater (Ref. 3573, 59043). Juveniles move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in winter and especially in spring (Ref. 59043). They feed on small benthic organisms, detritus, and occasionally on insects and plankton (Ref. 2804). Juveniles feed only on zooplankton (Ref. 59043). Reproduction takes place in the sea, from July to November. Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Minimum size allowed for fishing is 20 cm. The quality of the flesh is variable (Ref. 30578).
淺海的, 進入潟湖與下游河口.(參考文獻 7399) 很少進入淡水。 (參考文獻 3573) 捕食小型底棲的生物，碎屑, 與偶然地在昆蟲與浮游生物上.(參考文獻 2804) 繁殖發生於海洋, 從七月到十一月。 卵生的, 卵是大洋性與非黏性物.(參考文獻 205) 最小量大小考慮到釣魚是 20 公分.。 肉的品質是可變的。 (參考文獻 30578)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Juveniles move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in winter and especially in spring (Ref. 59043).東大西洋: 到維德角的蘇格蘭; 在地中海與黑海。 也在來自南方的挪威到摩洛哥的沿岸水域中, 稀有的茅利塔尼亞外海到.(參考文獻 3573) 阿克拉的記錄從潟湖是可能是誤鑑。
Thomson, J.M., 1986. Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.7 - 20.7, mean 11.9 °C (based on 344 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00856 - 0.01223), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.5 (3.7 - 6.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 31
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.14-0.34; tm=3-4; Fec>10,000).
Prior r = 0.77, 95% CL = 0.51 - 1.16, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.9 [5.1, 136.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.255 [0.151, 0.421] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 1.21 [0.47, 3.11] g/100g; Selenium = 2.88 [1.17, 7.25] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.9 [3.4, 52.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.478 [0.334, 0.670] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
