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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Dorosoma: Greek, doris = lance + Greek, soma = body (Ref. 45335); petenense: Doro=meaning lanceolate; soma=body (referring to the body shape of the young), and petenense, for the type locality Lake Petén, Guatemala (Ref. 79012).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 15 m (Ref. 39049). 亞熱帶的; 20°C - 30°C (Ref. 115833); 42°N - 15°N, 159°W - 81°W (Ref. 188)
North and Central America: Gulf of Mexico drainage, Mississippi system, from the Ohio River of Kentucky and southern Indiana southwest to Oklahoma, and south to Texas and Florida, also rivers around the Gulf to northern Guatemala; also Belize River, British Honduras. Introduced in Hawaiian waters (Ref. 188) and in Chesapeake Bay tributaries (Ref. 93252).
中美洲與北美洲: 墨西哥灣流域，密西西比河流域，肯塔基州與印地安那州西南到俄克拉荷馬州南部的從俄亥俄河, 而且南至德克薩斯與佛羅里達, 也灣到瓜地馬拉北部的周圍河; 也宏都拉斯的貝里斯河。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 5.2, range 5 - 5.5 cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 96339); common length : 10.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9291); 最大年龄: 4 年 (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 11-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 17 - 27; 脊椎骨: 43 - 44. Body moderately deep; belly with 15 to 18 + 8 to 12 scutes. Mouth small. Last dorsal fin ray long, about equal to distance from snout tip to mid-pectoral fin or beyond; anal fin relatively short. Scales relatively large, regularly arranged. A dark spot behind gill opening. Gill rakers fine and numerous (Ref. 188). Body bright silvery, especially on sides, opercles and underparts. Back and upper sides bluish black or dark olivaceous (Ref. 37032).
身体中等纵深的; 腹面有 15 到 18+8 到 12个鳞甲。 嘴小的。 最后的背鳍鳍条长的, 大约等于从吻尖到在之中的距离-胸鳍或超过; 臀鳍相当短的。 鳞片相当大的, 规则排列的。 在鳃裂后面的一个深色斑点。 鳃耙细且多.(参考文献 188) 身体明亮的银色, 尤其在侧边，鳃盖与下部上。 背面与上侧面蓝黑色或黑的橄榄色的.(参考文献 37032)
Often schooling, occurring mainly in freshwater (in large rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and swamps). Prefer the presence of smooth, steep-sided surfaces such as dams, cement-lined pools and rip rapped streams (Ref. 39049). But adults are also found in brackish or saline water of estuaries and bays (up to 32.3 ppt salinity (Ref. 39050); juveniles to about 15 ppt). Larvae are pelagic probably found only in freshwater (Ref. 39046). Filter-feeders, but not entirely herbivorous since recorded food items include copepods, cladocerans and fish fry. Also feed on organic material of sand and detritus bottoms (Ref. 9114). Breed in the spring and in autumn, in freshwater, near or over plants or other objects. Eggs adhere to aquatic vegetation (Ref. 4639). Caught exclusively in fresh waters and sometimes in mouths of rivers (Ref. 9291). Also Ref. 58302.
时常群游,在大河，水库，湖与沼泽中主要出现在淡水。 偏爱平静,边缘有大落差的表面例如水坝, 内衬水泥的水池，而且裂痕轻敲了溪流。 (参考文献 39049) 但是成鱼也发现于半咸淡水或河口与海湾的咸度水了 (向上到 32.3个 ppt 盐度;(参考文献 39050) 稚鱼到大约 15个 ppt). 仔鱼是大洋性的可能发现只在淡水中.(参考文献 39046) 滤食动物, 但是不是完全食草自从记录的食物组成之后包括桡脚类的动物，水蚤与鱼苗。 也吃砂与碎岩底部的有机物。 (参考文献 9114) 在春天繁殖与秋天时, 在淡水中, 接近或就植物或其他的目标。 卵黏附在水生植物。 (参考文献 4639) 只有在淡水捕获了与有时在河口中.(参考文献 9291)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Breed in spring and again in autumn, in open waters near or over plants or other objects; eggs slightly adhesive (Ref. 188). Females can produce 5,000 to 20,000 eggs depending upon their size (Ref. 44091).中美洲與北美洲: 墨西哥灣流域，密西西比河流域，肯塔基州與印地安那州西南到俄克拉荷馬州南部的從俄亥俄河, 而且南至德克薩斯與佛羅里達, 也灣到瓜地馬拉北部的周圍河; 也宏都拉斯的貝里斯河。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 28.1, mean 25.5 °C (based on 182 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00560 - 0.01485), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1-2; tmax=4; Fec=800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 116 [71, 204] mg/100g; Iron = 1.74 [1.04, 2.98] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.4, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.499 [0.289, 0.845] g/100g; Selenium = 14.5 [7.5, 28.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.6 [7.2, 48.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.18 [0.82, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
