分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 大洋性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 3°C - 25°C (Ref. 56460); 49°N - 35°N, 44°E - 56°E (Ref. 188)
Europe and Central Asia: Caspian Sea.
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 111344); common length : 21.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大体重: 469.00 g (Ref. 56460); 最大年龄: 9 年 (Ref. 56460)
背棘 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0. Body `shad-like'; upper and lower head profiles straight. Gill rakers moderately thick and short, tips pointed, usually shorter than gill filaments. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Resembles A. sphaerocephala, which has a blunter head, with round upper and lower head profiles; A. caspia has more gill rakers (50 to 180) and A. brashnikovi is more slender and `herring-like'.
身体像非鱼类一样的'; 上、下头部轮廓很直。 鳃耙一般厚与短, 顶端尖的, 通常短于鳃丝。 双颚内的齿发展良好的。 与有一个较钝的头部的 A. sphaerocephala 有圆的上、下头部轮廓相似; A. caspia 有更多的鳃耙 (50 到 180) ，而且 A. brashnikovi 是更细长的与像鲱鱼一样的'.
Euryhaline and migratory but non-anadromous. One of the most cold-loving Alosa of the Caspian (among the first to migrate in spring to the north). Feeds on large crustaceans and small fishes. Spawns in northern Caspian from end of April (peak in mid-May), moving into shallow water and spawning at depths of 1-6 m and salinities of 0.07-11 ppt. The young later move southward; some perhaps remain in the north.
广盐性与回游的但是非溯河洄游产卵。 里海者的最喜欢寒冷 Alosa 之一.(在第一个之中在春天到北方移动) 吃大的甲壳动物与小鱼。 产卵在北方的里海从被迁进浅水区而且产卵深度 1-6 公尺与 0.07-11个 ppt 的盐度的四月底 (高峰在五月中旬中)。 幼鱼稍后向南移动; 一些也许逗留在北方。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00502 - 0.01200), b=3.11 (2.99 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
