分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 2 - 40 m (Ref. 58047), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 9710). 亚热带的; 42°N - 26°S, 98°W - 14°W (Ref. 55232)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to São Paulo, Brazil (Ref. 57756), including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626). Eastern Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks and Ascension Island (Ref. 13121), Tinhosa Grande, south of Príncipe Island (L.A. Pereira (pers. comm.).
西大西洋: 在巴哈马 (参考文献 26938) 各处，美国麻萨诸塞州向南至巴西北部，百慕达群岛, 包括墨西哥湾与加勒比海。 (参考文献 9626) 东大西洋: 圣保罗岩礁与阿森松岛 (参考文献 13121), Tinhosa 重大的, 普林西比岛岛南方 (洛杉矶佩雷拉 (pers. comm.)。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 32.4, range 31 - 36 cm
Max length : 128 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26938); 最大体重: 28.6 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 33 年 (Ref. 115050)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 14-15; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Preopercular notch and knob weak. One of the pairs of canines in upper jaw notably enlarged, visible even when mouth is closed. Pectoral fins long, reaching level of anus. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Presence of a triangular bar between lower edge of eye and rear of mouth. Back and upper sides olive brown with bronze tinge, sometimes with narrow pale bars; lower sides and belly light reddish with a copper tinge. Young with a horizontal blue line below eye which breaks into a row of spots in adults.
前鳃盖骨凹槽与疖瘤弱的。 在上颌的对犬齿之一特别地增大了, 看得见的即使当嘴被关闭。 胸鳍长的, 达到肛门高度。 鳞片列背面斜向上升在侧联机面。 出现在眼与嘴后面的下缘之间的一条三角形的横带。 背面与上侧面黄褐色的具有青铜色的淡色, 有时有狭窄的灰白横带; 下侧与腹面淡的淡红具有一个铜淡色。 在断掉变成一列斑点当成鱼时的眼之下幼鱼有一条水平的蓝色线。
Adults are common around rocky or coral reefs. Young are found in estuaries and occasionally enters rivers. Feed mainly on fishes and benthic invertebrates, including shrimps, crabs, gastropods and cephalopods.
成鱼普遍岩礁或珊瑚礁的周围。 幼鱼发现于河口而且偶然地进入河了。 主要吃鱼与底栖的无脊椎动物，包括虾，螃蟹，腹足动物与头足类动物。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 在巴哈马 (参考文献 26938) 各处，美国麻萨诸塞州向南至巴西北部，百慕达群岛, 包括墨西哥湾与加勒比海。 (参考文献 9626) 东大西洋: 圣保罗岩礁与阿森松岛 (参考文献 13121), Tinhosa 重大的, 普林西比岛岛南方 (洛杉矶佩雷拉 (pers. comm.)。
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 28, mean 25.8 °C (based on 522 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01304 - 0.01678), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.10; tm=5.5).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.49, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.5 [5.9, 19.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.269 [0.156, 0.499] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.0, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.176 [0.097, 0.305] g/100g; Selenium = 28.8 [13.9, 56.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 96.7 [15.9, 482.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.254 [0.176, 0.396] mg/100g (wet weight);
