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> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)
Etymology: Sprattus: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina; djupintervall 0 - 72 m (Ref. 58489). Subtropical; 37°S - 48°S, 166°E - 180°E (Ref. 188)

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Southwest Pacific: New Zealand.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 188); common length : 9.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 188)

Short description Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 13-21; Taggstrålar i analfenan 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 12 - 23; Ryggkotor: 48 - 51. Upper jaw rounded and not notched on frontal view. Gill cover without bony radiating striae; tooth plate on tongue broad, almost oval, width about 3 times in length, lateral teeth strong; scales with fine radiating or horizontal striae on exposed posterior part; back steel blue when fresh. Pterotic bulla absent. Last two anal rays normal.

A schooling species in coastal waters. The biology probably resembles that of S. muelleri from which it has not usually been distinguished in earlier studies. Tends to occur in the bottom or midwater except during summer when surface shoals may appear; extends to deeper water in summer and retreats to close inshore for spawning during winter (Ref. 9258). Reported from surface (Ref. 188) to 72 m (Ref. 58489).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 126983)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 February 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: husbehovsfiske; bete: occasionally

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 10.9 - 18.2, mean 16.1 °C (based on 38 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00336 - 0.01361), b=3.13 (2.95 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 2.8 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Low.

Sprattus antipodum (Hector, 1872)