分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 600 m (Ref. 168). 亞熱帶的; 10°C - 25°C (Ref. 168); 60°N - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E
Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate waters of all oceans including the Mediterranean Sea but not at the surface between 10°N and 10°S. Western Pacific: range extend in a broad band between 40°N and 40°S (Ref. 9684). Often confused with juvenile Thunnus obesus which also have very long pectorals but with rounded tips. Highly migratory species.
全球分佈於熱帶與所有海洋包括地中海的溫帶水域但是不在水表面在 10 ° N 與 10個 ° S. 之間 西太平洋: 範圍延伸在 40 ° N 與 40個 °S 之間的一個寬的地帶中。 (參考文獻 9684) 經常與也有非常的 短鮪〔Thunnus obesus〕 的稚魚相混淆長的胸鰭但是有圓形的頂端。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 85.2, range 83 - ? cm
Max length : 140 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3669); common length : 100.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9684); 最大体重: 60.3 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 9 年 (Ref. 72462)
背棘 (总数): 11 - 14; 背的软条 (总数): 12-16; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 11 - 16. Anterior spines much higher than posterior spines giving the fin a strongly concave outline. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body with very small scales. Pectoral fins remarkably long, about 30% of fork length or longer in 50 cm or longer fish. Ventral surface of liver striated and the central lobe is largest.
前面的棘比在后部的棘高许多给鳍一强烈地凹曲轮廓。 腹鳍间的突起小而两裂的。 身体有最小鳞片。 胸鳍显着长又大约 30% 的尾叉长或更长的在 50 公分或较长的鱼中。 肝脏的腹面有条纹的与中央的叶大。
An epipelagic and mesopelagic, oceanic species, abundant in surface waters of 15.6° to 19.4°C; deeper swimming, large albacore are found in waters of 13.5° to 25.2°C; temperatures as low as 9.5°C may be tolerated for short periods (Ref. 168). Known to concentrate along thermal discontinuities (Ref. 168). Form mixed schools with skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and bluefin tuna (T. maccoyii), schools may be associated with floating objects, including sargassum weeds (Ref. 168). Feed on fishes, crustaceans and squids. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Sexual maturity reached at 90 cm (Ref. 36731). Highly appreciated and marketed fresh, smoked, deep frozen or canned. Eaten steamed, broiled, fried and microwaved (Ref. 9987). Also Ref. 1762, 1798, 1804.
Angling: Largely caught offshore, where the waters are mild and blue. Albacore favor those areas where cooler water interfaces with warmer water. They are caught with live of dead baitfish such as mullet, sauries, squid, herring, anchovies, sardines, and other small fish. Albacore strike hard and make powerful runs (Ref. 84357).
一个表层带与中层带, 大洋性鱼种, 丰富的在 15.6个 ° 的水表面中对 19.4 °C; 深处游泳又大的巴鲣鱼被发现于对 25.2 °C 的 13.5个 ° 的水域; 温度更低到 9.5 °C 可能是短暂地容忍.(参考文献 168) 已知集中沿着跃温层.(参考文献 168) 具有鲣鱼 ( 正鲣［Katsuwonus pelamis］ ) ，黄鳍鲔鱼 ( 黄鳍鲔［Thunnus albacares］ ) 与蓝鳍鲔鱼 ( T. maccoyii) 的形式混合的鱼群, 鱼群可能是伴随着漂浮的目标, 包括马尾藻丛.(参考文献 168) 捕食鱼，甲壳动物与乌贼。 高度地欣赏了而且在市场上销售生鲜、烟熏, 冷冻或罐装的。 清蒸, 火烤, 油炸了而且微波了.(参考文献 9987) 性成熟在 90 公分达到了。 (参考文献 36731) 也参考文献 1762,1798,1804.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
The sex ratio in catches is about 1:1 for immature individuals, but males predominate among mature fishes, which is possibly due to both differential mortality of sexes and differential growth rate after maturity. 全球分佈於熱帶與所有海洋包括地中海的溫帶水域但是不在水表面在 10 ° N 與 10個 ° S. 之間 西太平洋: 範圍延伸在 40 ° N 與 40個 °S 之間的一個寬的地帶中。 (參考文獻 9684) 經常與也有非常的 短鮪〔Thunnus obesus〕 的稚魚相混淆長的胸鰭但是有圓形的頂端。 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.8 - 21.2, mean 15.1 °C (based on 784 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01428 - 0.02115), b=3.01 (2.97 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.4 (4.8 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 34
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13-0.18; tm=4-6; tmax=10; Fec=2 million).
Prior r = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.34 - 0.78, Based on 7 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.2 [17.4, 55.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.89 [1.17, 7.46] mg/100g; Protein = 23.8 [22.4, 25.1] %; Omega3 = 0.434 [0.280, 0.675] g/100g; Selenium = 38.3 [12.8, 114.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.8 [4.6, 268.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.363 [0.203, 0.715] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
