Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
; marien; zoetwater; brakwater demersaal; katadroom (Ref. 51243). Tropical
Africa: Kenya to South Africa (Ref. 3506); Reunion and Mauritius (Ref. 33390). Uncommon south of the Save River. Dominant in the Zambezi system and farther north in East Africa.
Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 175 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 48660); Maximaal gepubliceerd gewicht: 20.0 kg (Ref. 3971); Maximaal vermelde leeftijd: 15 jaren (Ref. 48660)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 0; Anale stekels 0. Dorsal fin origin is about midway between pectoral fin and anus. Caudal fin confluent with dorsal and anal fin. Body is mottled with dark brown pigmentation.
Migratory species which breeds in the ocean (Ref. 52331), it requires rivers and oceans (Ref. 30558). Young fish migrate upstream with a continued feeding mode, especially on invertebrates found on rocks and logs washed by fast moving waters (Ref. 30558). They inhabit various niches in a river system (Ref. 13337) and penetrate far inland, surmounting formidable barriers in its upstream migration, including the Kariba and Cahora Bassa dams. Adults need moving water to migrate back to the ocean, especially after heavy rains (Ref. 30558). Their food consists of crabs, frogs and insects (Ref. 30558), and even fish, including trout in the streams of the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe (Ref. 2478). Caught with various types of nets.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geslachtsrijpheid | Voortplanting | Kuitschieten | Eieren | Fecundity | Larven
Skelton, P.H., 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers. 388 p. (Ref. 7248)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 125652)
Gevaarlijk voor mensen
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; vis voor de hengelsport: ja
Meer informatie
Populaire namenSynoniemenMetabolismePredatorsEcotoxicologieVoortplantingGeslachtsrijpheidKuitschietenSpawning aggregationFecundityEierenOntwikkeling van de eieren
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaAlleelfrequentiesErfelijkheidZiektenVerwerkingNutrientsMass conversion
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 25 - 28.7, mean 27.1 °C (based on 306 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00074 (0.00040 - 0.00138), b=3.18 (3.02 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for species & Genus-BS (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100) .
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): (0 of 100) .
