分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
土魟科 (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Pateobatis: Combination of Latin 'pateo' for 'lie open, be exposed' and 'batis' for skate, ray or flatfish; referring to the eclectic nature of members of this group..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 33 - 50 m (Ref. 9840). 熱帶; 26°N - 32°S
Indo-Pacific: South Africa to New Guinea; north to the Philippines.
印度-太平洋: 可能廣泛地分佈但是有零碎的發生。 已知來自非洲南部與印度到澳洲與巴布亞新幾內亞了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 70.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 130 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 11228); 110.8 cm WD (female)
Found inshore, on sandy substrates (Ref. 9840, 75154) to depths of 50m (Ref.58048). Inhabits shallow coastal waters (Ref. 45255). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Common catch of the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and, occasionally, longline fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (very high value) and cartilage (Ref.58048). Max. Length of female given in Ref. 74367.
在沙的底部上, 發現於岸邊了。 (參考文獻 9840) 棲息於沿岸淺水區。 (參考文獻 45255) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).印度-太平洋: 可能廣泛地分佈但是有零碎的發生。 已知來自非洲南部與印度到澳洲與巴布亞新幾內亞了。
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學基因序列遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.9 - 28.6, mean 27.8 °C (based on 168 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00364 - 0.01900), b=3.10 (2.89 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.6 [7.4, 139.8] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.744 [0.185, 1.949] mg/100g ; Protein = 22 [19, 25] % ; Omega3 = 0.165 [0.047, 0.480] g/100g ; Selenium = 43.1 [11.5, 117.9] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 11.1 [4.9, 24.6] μg/100g ; Zinc = 1.01 [0.49, 1.82] mg/100g (wet weight);
