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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2100 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Himantura undulata AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Himantura undulata
Picture by Devarapalli, P.
Pictures | Google 影像
Picture by Devarapalli, P.
分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) 鰩目 (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) 土魟科 (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Himantura: Greek, iman, imantos = thong, strap + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335). More on author: Bleeker.
Etymology: Himantura: Greek, iman, imantos = thong, strap + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335). More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學
; 海洋 居於水底的. 熱帶; 30°N - 24°S
分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri
Indo-West Pacific: Bay of Bengal to New Guinea, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia. Not occurring in the western Indian Ocean.
印度-西太平洋: 孟加拉灣到新幾內亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲北部。 不出現在西印度洋。
印度-西太平洋: 孟加拉灣到新幾內亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲北部。 不出現在西印度洋。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Demersal on soft substrate inshore (Ref.58048). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Size at birth about 20 cm WD and 92 cm TL (Ref. 90102). Caught occasionally in the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and longline fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref.58048).
發現於岸邊了。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
發現於岸邊了。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).印度-西太平洋: 孟加拉灣到新幾內亞, 北至琉球群島, 南至澳洲北部。 不出現在西印度洋。
主要參考資料
Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : McEachran, John | 合作者
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 25 - 29, mean 28.3 °C (based on 810 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00359 - 0.01840), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref. 120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 ().
瀕危性 (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100) .