分類 / Names
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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomberomorus: Latin, scomber = mackerel + Greek, moros = silly, stupid (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 5 - 140 m (Ref. 36484), usually 5 - 15 m (Ref. 40849). Tropical; 44°N - 22°S, 98°W - 34°W (Ref. 54879)
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Massachusetts, USA to São Paulo, Brazil. Eastern Central Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 64.8, range 45 - 114 cm
Max length : 184 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9710); common length : 70.0 cm FL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 168); 最大公表体重: 45.0 kg (Ref. 168); 最大記録サイズ: 26 年 (Ref. 128047)
背面の脊椎 (合計): 12 - 18; 背鰭 (合計): 15-18; 肛門の骨 0; 臀鰭: 16 - 20; 脊つい: 41 - 43. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Swim bladder absent. Lateral line abruptly curving downward below second dorsal fin. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Adults have no black area on the anterior part of the first dorsal fin. Juveniles with bronze spots in 5 or 6 irregular rows. Body entirely covered with scales.
Often found in outer reef areas. Larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31°C and 26.9 to 35 ppt. Feeds primarily on fishes with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and squids. Large schools have been found to migrate over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast, water temperature permitting. It is an important species for recreational, commercial, and artisanal fisheries throughout its range. Most of the catch is processed into steaks or sold fresh, or sometimes canned and salted. Also prepared smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987). Potentially ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 9710). Sometimes called "Kingfish" (Ref. 13442).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人間に対する脅威
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 9710)
Human uses
水産業: 商業; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.5 - 28.1, mean 27.2 °C (based on 1034 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00713 - 0.01166), b=3.02 (2.98 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.1 (4.5 - 7.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 31
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.07-0.15; tm=2; tmax=14; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.66, 95% CL = 0.43 - 0.99, Based on 5 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.3 [9.2, 71.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.707 [0.314, 1.640] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.238 [0.149, 0.393] g/100g; Selenium = 74.7 [27.2, 232.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.7 [4.4, 77.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.568 [0.380, 0.903] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
