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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Sciaenops: Greek, skiaina, skion = a fish, red mullet + Greek, ops = appearance (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 10 - ? m (Ref. 9988). Subtropical; 15°C - 26°C (Ref. 127841); 43°N - 0°S
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts in USA to northern Mexico, including southern Florida, USA.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 82.7, range 55 - 80.3 cm
Max length : 155 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3702); common length : 100.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3702); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 45.0 kg (Ref. 9988); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 50 Jaren (Ref. 32563)
Occurs usually over sand and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters and estuaries. Abundant in surf zone. Feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks and fishes. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be pan-fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; Aquacultuur: commercieel; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.5 - 27.3, mean 24.2 °C (based on 180 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00523 - 0.01324), b=3.07 (2.94 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.6 (2.4 - 3.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 16
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.27; tmax=7; Fec~1 million).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 45.3 [25.8, 87.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.905 [0.462, 1.579] mg/100g; Protein = 21.4 [18.9, 23.7] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.127, 0.506] g/100g; Selenium = 38.8 [20.5, 79.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.2 [1.5, 14.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.566 [0.398, 0.828] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
