Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Sardinella: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia; diminutive (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lowe.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 80 m (Ref. 27000). 亞熱帶的; 24°C - ? (Ref. 54872); 46°N - 23°S, 17°W - 36°E (Ref. 54872)
Atlantic Ocean: southern and eastern parts of Mediterranean Sea, also penetrating the Suez Canal (Ref. 188, 50345), and eastern Atlantic Ocean, from Gibraltar southward to Angola and a single recorded specimen from Walvis Bay in Namibia (Ref. 188, 5286, 81269, 81631, 86940).
東大西洋: 直布羅陀到安哥拉; 單一標本從那米比亞的沃爾維斯灣記錄。 也已知來自地中海。 (南部和東部部份, 也穿透蘇伊士運河)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 13.4, range 11 - 19.5 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 25.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大體重: 927.00 g (Ref. 3808)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 18-23; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 17 - 23; 脊椎骨: 44 - 48. Diagnosis: Body elongate, but variable in depth, belly fairly sharply keeled; with 14-20 pre-pelvic and 12-15 post-pelvic scutes, total scutes 31-34; lower gillrakers 70-166, increasing with growth; upper pectoral finrays white on outer side, the membrane between black (Ref. 188, 3259, 81269, 81631). It resembles Sardinella aurita, but pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 7 branched rays vs. 1 unbranched and 8 branched rays in S. aurita and no black spot on hind part of gill cover, but faint gold or black area just behind gill opening (Ref. 187, 188). It is distinguished from S. rouxi by having more lower gillrakers, which is only 30-40 in S. rouxi, and the caudal fin grey, its tips almost black vs. pale yellow with distal margin dusky in S. rouxi (Ref. 187, 188, 81269).
身體可變的分之一深度, 腹面相當龍骨了; 總鱗甲 31 到 34.(14-19個前腹鰭,12-14 後) 下鰓耙 70 到 166.(在魚 6個公分標準長度或更多中) 在外部的側邊上的上面的胸鰭鰭條白色, 在黑色之間的薄膜。 尾鰭灰色的, 它的頂端幾乎黑色的。 模糊的黃金或黑色的區域在鰓裂正後方。
A coastal, pelagic species, but tolerant of low salinities (Ref. 188, 5286, 27000, 86940); sometimes in estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 188, 2683). It forms schools, preferring waters of 24°C, at surface or at bottom down to 50m, strongly migratory (Ref. 188, 5286). It feeds on a variety of small planktonic invertebrates, also fish larvae and phytoplankton (Ref. 188, 27165). It breeds only once in the year, during the warm season between July and September, in coastal waters; juveniles and adults show clear north-south migrations in the Gabon-Congo-Angola sector and the Sierra Leone-Mauritania sector of the Atlantic Ocean, each area having nurseries; these movements are correlated with the seasonal upwelling (Ref. 188). It is of considerable importance off West African coasts, but combined with Sardinella aurita in most statistics, partly because both species are often caught together (Ref. 188).
在沿岸水域中形成魚群,偏愛 24個 ° C. 的水域 吃多種小的浮游性無脊椎動物，仔魚與浮游植物。 在溫暖的季節 (七月-九月) 期間進行繁殖。 稚魚與成魚顯示在加彭清楚的南北迴游-他們的範圍的剛果-安哥拉地區以及在獅子山-茅利塔尼亞的地區中, 每個區域有育幼。 運動是與季節性的湧升流有關的。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 冷凍或鹽醃的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: 直布羅陀到安哥拉; 單一標本從那米比亞的沃爾維斯灣記錄。 也已知來自地中海。 (南部和東部部份, 也穿透蘇伊士運河)
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 誘餌: usually
更多資訊
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18 - 27.9, mean 21 °C (based on 208 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00660 - 0.01002), b=3.03 (2.99 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.2 (1.8 - 3.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.34; tm=3; tmax=6).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.86, Based on 6 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 112 [59, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 1.65 [0.98, 2.68] mg/100g; Protein = 21.3 [20.4, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.457 [0.231, 0.866] g/100g; Selenium = 39.4 [20.0, 76.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.2 [9.4, 98.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.755 [0.542, 1.131] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
