Family Synbranchidae - Swamp-eels | ||||
Order | : | Synbranchiformes | ||
Class | : | Teleostei | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 5 | Species : 25 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : Yes | Brackish : Yes | Marine : No | ||
Division | : | Peripheral/diadromous | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | |||
Remark | : | Freshwater; occasionally in brackish water; tropical and subtropical. Distribution: Asia, Indo-Australian Archipelago, West Africa (Liberia), Mexico, Central and South America. Eellike fishes. No pectoral and pelvic fins; rudimentary dorsal and anal fins; caudal fin small or rudimentary, or lacking altogether. Small eyes. Gill membranes fused; gill opening a small slit or pore. Four to six branchiostegal rays. No swim bladder. No ribs. With 98-188 vertebrae (abdominal: 51-135). Mostly air breathers. Many are burrowers, some cave dwellers. To over 70 cm maximum length in Ophisternon aenigmaticum. | ||
Etymology | : | Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, brangchia = gill | ||
Reproductive guild | : | guarders | ||
Typical activity level | : | |||
Main Ref. | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Coordinator | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Deep Fin Classification | : | Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Anabantaria | | | Synbranchiformes | Synbranchoidei | | Synbranchidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 | accepted | senior | original |
! Symbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 | synonym | senior | original |
Synbranchus immaculatus Bloch, 1795 | synonym | junior | original |
Unibranchapertura lineata Lacepède, 1803 | synonym | junior | original |
Synbranchus pardalis Valenciennes, 1836 | synonym | junior | original |
Synbranchus fuliginosus Ranzani, 1839 | synonym | junior | original |
Synbranchus vittatus Castelnau, 1855 | synonym | junior | original |
Symbranchus hieronymi Weyenbergh, 1877 | synonym | junior | original |
Symbranchus doeringii Weyenbergh, 1877 | synonym | junior | original |
! Symbranchus doringii Weyenbergh, 1877 | synonym | junior | original |
! Symbranchus döringii Weyenbergh, 1877 | synonym | senior | original |
Symbranchus tigrinus Weyenbergh, 1877 | synonym | junior | original |
Synbranchus mercedarius Weyenbergh, 1877 | synonym | junior | original |
Falconeria pinnata Larrañaga, 1923 | synonym | junior | original |
Falconeria aptera Larrañaga, 1923 | synonym | junior | original |
Synbranchus madeirae Rosen & Rumney, 1972 | accepted | senior | original |
Synbranchus lampreia Favorito, Zanata & Assumpção, 2005 | accepted | senior | original |
Monopterus albus (Zuiew, 1793) | accepted | senior | new |
Muraena alba Zuiew, 1793 | synonym | senior | original |
Fluta alba (Zuiew, 1793) | synonym | senior | new |
! Monopterus alba (Zuiew, 1793) | synonym | senior | new |
Synbranchus grammicus Cantor, 1842 | synonym | junior | original |
! Aptergia immaculata Basilewsky, 1855 | synonym | junior | original |
Gymnotus albus Zuiew, 1789 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Monopterus javanensis Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original |
! Monopterus javanicus Lacepède, 1800 | synonym | junior | original |
Unibranchapertura laevis Lacepède, 1803 | synonym | junior | original |
Monopterus laevis (Lacepède, 1803) | synonym | junior | new |
! Symbranchus grammicus Cantor, 1842 | synonym | junior | original |
Ophicardia phayriana McClelland, 1844 | synonym | junior | original |
! Ophicardia phyariana McClelland, 1844 | synonym | junior | original |
Pneumabranchus cinereus McClelland, 1844 | synonym | junior | original |
Monopterus cinereus (McClelland, 1844) | synonym | junior | new |
Synbranchus xanthognathus Richardson, 1845 | synonym | junior | original |
Monopterus xanthognathus (Richardson, 1845) | synonym | junior | new |
Ophicardia xanthognatha (Richardson, 1845) | synonym | junior | new |
Monopterus helvolus Richardson, 1846 | synonym | junior | original |
Monopterus marmoratus Richardson, 1846 | synonym | junior | original |
Apterigia saccogularis Basilewsky, 1855 | synonym | junior | original |
Apterigia nigromaculata Basilewsky, 1855 | synonym | junior | original |
! Aptergia nigromaculata Basilewsky, 1855 | synonym | junior | original |
Apterigia immaculata Basilewsky, 1855 | synonym | junior | original |
Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) | accepted | senior | new |
Unibranchapertura cuchia Hamilton, 1822 | synonym | senior | original |
Amphipnous cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) | synonym | senior | new |
! Amphinous cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) | synonym | senior | new |
Ophichthys punctatus Swainson, 1839 | synonym | junior | original |
! Ophichthys punctata Swainson, 1839 | synonym | junior | original |
Pneumabranchus striatus McClelland, 1844 | synonym | junior | original |
Pneumabranchus leprosus McClelland, 1844 | synonym | junior | original |
Pneumabranchus albinus McClelland, 1844 | synonym | junior | original |
Monopterus hodgarti (Chaudhuri, 1913) | accepted | senior | new |
Moringua hodgarti Chaudhuri, 1913 | synonym | senior | original |
Amphipnous hodgarti (Chaudhuri, 1913) | synonym | senior | new |
Monopterus boueti (Pellegrin, 1922) | accepted | senior | new |
Typhlosynbranchus boueti Pellegrin, 1922 | synonym | senior | original |
Monopterus fossorius (Nayar, 1951) | accepted | senior | new |
Amphipnous fossorius Nayar, 1951 | synonym | senior | original |
Monopterus indicus (Silas & Dawson, 1961) | accepted | senior | new |
Amphipnous indicus Silas & Dawson, 1961 | synonym | senior | original |
Monopterus eapeni Talwar, 1991 | accepted | senior | original |
Monopterus indicus Eapen, 1963 | ambiguous | homonym | original |
Monopterus desilvai Bailey & Gans, 1998 | accepted | senior | original |
Monopterus roseni Bailey & Gans, 1998 | accepted | senior | original |
Monopterus digressus Gopi, 2002 | accepted | senior | original |
Monopterus bicolor Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005 | accepted | senior | original |
Monopterus dienbienensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005 | accepted | senior | original |
Monopterus ichthyophoides Britz, Lalremsanga, Lalrotluanga & Lalramliana, 2011 | accepted | senior | original |
Monopterus luticolus Britz, Doherty-Bone, Kouete, Sykes & Gower, 2016 | accepted | senior | original |
Monopterus rongsaw Britz, Sykes, Gower & Kamei, 2018 | accepted | senior | original |
Ophisternon bengalense McClelland, 1844 | accepted | senior | original |
! Ophisternon bengalensis McClelland, 1844 | synonym | senior | original |
Synbranchus bengalensis (McClelland, 1844) | synonym | senior | new |
! Symbranchus bengalensis (McClelland, 1844) | synonym | senior | new |
Ophisternon hepaticus McClelland, 1844 | ambiguous | questionable | original |
Tetrabranchus microphthalmus Bleeker, 1851 | synonym | junior | original |
! Tetrabranchus micropthalma Bleeker, 1851 | synonym | junior | original |
Ophisternon gutturale (Richardson, 1845) | accepted | senior | new |
Synbranchus gutturalis Richardson, 1845 | synonym | senior | original |
Ophisternon afrum (Boulenger, 1909) | accepted | senior | new |
Symbranchus afer Boulenger, 1909 | synonym | senior | original |
! Synbranchus afer Boulenger, 1909 | synonym | senior | original |
Ophisternon infernale (Hubbs, 1938) | accepted | senior | new |
Pluto infernalis Hubbs, 1938 | synonym | senior | original |
Furmastix infernalis (Hubbs, 1938) | synonym | senior | new |
Synbranchus infernalis (Hubbs, 1938) | synonym | senior | new |
Ophisternon candidum (Mees, 1962) | accepted | senior | new |
Anommatophasma candidum Mees, 1962 | synonym | senior | original |
! Annomatophasma candidum Mees, 1962 | synonym | senior | original |
Ophisternon aenigmaticum Rosen & Greenwood, 1976 | accepted | senior | original |
Macrotrema caligans (Cantor, 1849) | accepted | senior | new |
Symbranchus caligans Cantor, 1849 | synonym | senior | original |