Main Ref: | Allardi, J. and P. Keith, 1991 | |||||||||||
Data Ref.: | ||||||||||||
Country: | France | |||||||||||
Spawning ground: | riverine | |||||||||||
Locality: | Lower reaches of rivers | |||||||||||
Season: |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
111 | 111 | 111 | 111 | |||||||||
Sex ratio: | % Ref.: | |||||||||||
Temperature: | - °C | |||||||||||
Gestation period: | month/s | |||||||||||
Length of offspring: | cm | |||||||||||
Batch spawners | ||||||||||||
Daily spawning frequency |
- Mean: |
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Min Ref.: Max Ref.: Mean Ref.: |
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Comments: | Adults swarm in the littoral zone of coastal waters and migrate to the rivers in May-June. Spawning actually takes place in June-July, usually at night. Incubation takes about 1 week, the fry migrate afterwards to the sea where they continue their growth to adult life, 3-4 years for the males, 4-7 years for the females. The downstream migration towards the estuarine zone occurs during summer. The parents return to sea after spawning (Ref. 30578). |