| Main Ref. | Trewavas, E., 1983 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
bearers external brooders |
| Parental Care | biparental |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | The initiative throughout courting and mating is taken predominantly by the female; female mainly responsible for the excavation of nest and defending mating territory. Pair-formation exists and is dissolved as soon as the eggs are in the parental mouth. Mouth brooding is reportedly biparental. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |