| Main Ref. | García-Cagide, A., R. Claro and B.V. Koshelev, 1994 |
| Mode | protogyny |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | polygyny |
| Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Spawning aggregation | Yes. Ref. SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations, 2018 |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. McBride, R.S. and M.R. Johnson, 2007 |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Monandric (no primary males) , protogynous hermaphrodites. Sex change is postmaturation; it is initiated among individuals 30-40 cm LF (or 3-5 yrs) but was also observed in fish as large as 69.4 cm LF (13 yrs). Sex change occurred after one more spawning (as a female) seasons and requires several months to complete (Ref.74380). Harem spawner (Ref.74381). Spawning activity is characterised by the following event called 'spawning rush': 1) pectoral swim up, 2) tail swim, 3) swin alongsode and tilt, 4) release, 5) circle and display, and 6) swim down (Ref. 74381). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |