| 主要参考文献 | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| 模态 | dioecism |
| 受精 | external |
| Mating type | |
| 产卵频度 | Variable throughout range |
| Spawning aggregation | 参考文献 |
| 批次产卵者 | Yes. 参考文献 Koli, L., 1990 |
| 生殖同功群 |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| 生命周期与交配行为的描述 | Some spawn almost year round but mainly in spring and summer, near to the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore. Individual period of spawning takes about two months (Ref. 92054). |
| 搜寻有关繁殖更多的参考资料 | Scirus |