Main Ref. | Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993 |
Mode | protogyny |
Fertilization | external |
Mating type | |
Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
Spawning aggregation | Yes. Ref. SCRFA, Science and Conservation of Fish Aggregations, 2018 |
Batch spawner | Ref. |
Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
Parental Care | none |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Females rest on or close to the bottom, while males patrol around an area that consists of 1 to 5 females and defend this territory from other males. Form aggregation and reproduce almost exclusively within the aggregation period (Ref. 8557). |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |