Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (Weber, 1991)
Vermiculated sailfin catfish
Vermiculated sailfin catfish
Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus
photo by Ramani Shirantha

Family:  Loricariidae (Armored catfishes), subfamily: Hypostominae
Max. size:  70 cm TL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  demersal; freshwater
Distribution:  South America: Madeira River basin. Introduced to countries outside its native range.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-14; Anal soft rays: 3-5
Biology:  Typically from floodplain lakes, swamps and borrow pits, in poorly-oxygenated waters and must rely on air breathing for long periods of time. Has a specialized (enlarged) stomach which appear to function as accessory respiratory organs (Ref. 58517).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 25 November 2020 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  potential pest
Country info:  Relatively abundant in several natural streams - Hillsborough River drainage, Florida; Pearl River, Mississippi; Julian reservior, North Carolina; Long Lake, Washington, etc. May have a significant impact on the aquatic food base negatively affecting native invertebrate and vertebrate species (Nico, personal observations Ref. 56962). Reported to attach to endangered native manatees (Trachechus manatus latirostris) and graze on the epibiota of their skin, adverse impact on manatees uncertain (Ref. 82066).


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