Strongylura exilis (Girard, 1854)
Californian needlefish
Strongylura exilis
photo by Robertson, R.

Family:  Belonidae (Needlefishes)
Max. size:  91 cm TL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  pelagic-neritic; freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 100 m
Distribution:  Eastern Pacific: San Francisco in California, USA to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-17; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 16-19; Vertebrae: 67-74. Caudal fin emarginate (Ref. 9279). Branchiostegal rays: 11-12 (Ref. 36575).
Biology:  Common in coastal and lagoon areas with mangroves (Ref. 9279). Also found in bays and harbors (Ref. 36575). Penetrate fresh water (Ref. 9279). Adults occur in small schools. Feed mainly on small fishes (Ref. 9279). Oviparous, with neustonic larvae (Ref. 36575). Eggs are attached to vegetation and floating objects via long filaments (Ref. 36575). Usually caught with the help of artificial lights (Ref. 9279). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9279).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 07 December 2018 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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