| Family: |
Narkidae (Sleeper rays) |
| Max. size: |
40 cm TL (male/unsexed) |
| Environment: |
reef-associated; marine; depth range - 100 m |
| Distribution: |
Northwest Pacific: southern Japan to the South China Sea near Hong Kong, including Taiwan. |
| Diagnosis: |
|
| Biology: |
Occurs inshore and offshore (Ref. 9913, 11230). Found on sand, often near rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Biology little known (Ref. 9913), but locally common in Taiwan and Japan (Ref. 114953). Produces 4-6 pups per litter. Maturity size of males known at 25 cm TL. Not utilized for food. Capable of producing a moderate shock to humans (Ref. 114953). Does not do well in aquariums (Ref. 12951). |
| IUCN Red List Status: |
Vulnerable (VU); Date assessed: 17 May 2021 (A2cd) Ref. (130435)
|
| Threat to humans: |
other |
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