Main Ref. | |
---|---|
Remarks | Found in a variety of habitats including rivers, swamps, coastal streams and floodplains. Occurs over mud bottoms, often among dense aquatic vegetation or the cover of undercut banks. Feeds mainly on aquatic insects and nymphs, but also takes lesser amount of algae, other aquatic plants and small crustaceans. Has a pelagic marine larval stage, but adults are always found in freshwater. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., S.H. Midgley and M. Allen, 2002 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., S.H. Midgley and M. Allen, 2002 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.64 | 0.20 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 2.90 | 0.35 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |