主要參考文獻 | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
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附註 | Forages only during the day (Ref. 33994). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
Special habitats Ref. |
參考文獻 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Ebeling, A.W. and D.R. Laur, 1986 |
攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | 3.21 | 0.40 | |||
從個別的食物項目 | 3.31 | 0.38 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 | Ebeling, A.W. and D.R. Laur, 1986 |