| ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Farmer, J.G., 1980 |
|---|---|
| ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Spawning adults are found in gravel riffles and runs of clear coastal streams; feeding adults usually in the ocean, but landlocked populations occur (Ref. 1998); ammocoetes in silt, mud, and sand of shallow eddies and backwaters of streams (Ref. 5723). Some individuals may spend up to 42 mo. in saltwater before returning to freshwater (Ref. 12479). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
|---|---|
| Associations | parasitism; |
| Associated with | Fishes: Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, O. mykiss, O. nerka, O. tshawytscha, Gadus macrocephalus, Theragra chalcogramma, Merluccius productus, Ophiodon elongatus, Anoplopoma fimbria |
| Association remarks | As an external parasite, it feeds on the blood and body fluids of fish and other marine invertebrates. Attaches to the side or undersurface of fishes by means of the suctorial disc and disc teeth. The toothed tongue rasps through scales and skin, and the fluids are consumed (Ref. 1998). |
| Parasitism | outside host |
| ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Farmer, J.G., 1980 |
| ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | feeding on a host (parasite) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | |||||
| ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 4.50 | 0.80 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |||||