Ecology Summary - Mugil curema

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Main Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Remarks	Inhabit sandy coasts and littoral pools but also occurs in muddy bottoms of brackish lagoons and estuaries. Sometimes penetrate rivers. May also be found on coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in coastal waters and are known to find their way to estuaries and coastal lagoons. Growth in juveniles is moderate (30-40 cm in 4 years). Feed on microscopic or filamentous algae and small juveniles of planktonic organisms (Ref. 9626). Juveniles and adults both feed on algae and detritus (Ref. 26987, 33). Herbivore (Ref. 40102). Mud-eaters that swim near the bottom when feeding, and scoop up and ingest portions of substrate containing their food (Ref. 40396).

Main Ref.

Randall, J.E., 1967

Remarks

Inhabit sandy coasts and littoral pools but also occurs in muddy bottoms of brackish lagoons and estuaries. Sometimes penetrate rivers. May also be found on coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in coastal waters and are known to find their way to estuaries and coastal lagoons. Growth in juveniles is moderate (30-40 cm in 4 years). Feed on microscopic or filamentous algae and small juveniles of planktonic organisms (Ref. 9626). Juveniles and adults both feed on algae and detritus (Ref. 26987, 33). Herbivore (Ref. 40102). Mud-eaters that swim near the bottom when feeding, and scoop up and ingest portions of substrate containing their food (Ref. 40396).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Mugil curema may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: mud;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.	Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994

Associations

Ref.	Harrison, I.J., 1995
Associations	schooling;
Associated with
Association remarks	Adults form schools (Ref. 9321).
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19)
Feeding type Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Feeding habit	grazing on aquatic plants
Feeding habit Ref.	Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition	2.01	0.00			Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies.
From individual food items	2.42	0.22			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004

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