Ref. principal | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
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Notas | Pelagic species which occur in inshore waters of the continental shelf and continental slope (Ref. 75154). Found in deep seaward reefs; occasionally entering coastal bays. Feed primarily on fishes such as the bigeye scad, also feeds on invertebrates (Refs. 4233, 9773). Small juveniles associate with floating plants or debris in oceanic and offshore waters. Piscivorous predator; males feed more intensely on demersal preys than females (Ref. 41870). Known as a macro-carnivore (Ref. 126840). Pelagic-epibenthic. Inhabits coastal waters and can be found either in isolation or small schools (Ref. 9773). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrato | Benthic; Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Habitats especiais | Coral Reefs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
Ref. | |
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Associações | solitary; schooling; |
Associada com | |
Comentários sobre associação | Juveniles form small schools or solitary (Ref. 5213). |
Parasitismo |
Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Da composição da dieta | 4.50 | 4.36 | 0.73 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.17 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |