Main Ref. | Leim, A.H. and W.B. Scott, 1966 |
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Anmärkningar | Occurs usually in schools inshore in summer and offshore in winter. Feeds on amphipods, worms, sand dollars and young squid. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Leim, A.H. and W.B. Scott, 1966 |
Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Leim, A.H. and W.B. Scott, 1966 |
Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Från födosammansättning | 3.82 | 0.11 | 3.96 | 0.44 | Troph of adults from 5 studies. |
Från individuella födoämnen | 3.57 | 0.38 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 |