Ecology Summary - Sparus aurata

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主要参考文献	Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989
附注	Inhabits seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, often occurs in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feeds on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture.

主要参考文献

Palomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly, 1989

附注

Inhabits seagrass beds and sandy bottoms as well as in the surf zone commonly to depths of about 30 m, but adults may occur to 150 m depth. A sedentary fish, either solitary or in small aggregations. In spring, often occurs in brackish water coastal lagoons and estuaries. Mainly carnivorous, accessorily herbivorous (Ref. 3688). Feeds on shellfish, including mussels and oysters. One of the most important fishes in saline and hypersaline aquaculture.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	河口/泻湖/半咸淡水海洋 mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds 洞专门地

Highighted items on the list are where Sparus aurata may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: sand;
Substrate Ref.	FAO EastMed Project, 2013
Special habitats	Beds: sea grass;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

参考文献
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

进食

摄取食物的类型	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Winstanley, R.H., 1983
摄取食物的习惯	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	最初的样本		不捕获族群		附注
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	附注
从食物内容	3.70	0.00	3.25	0.46	Troph of juv./adults from 1 study.
从个别的食物项目	3.39	0.49			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
参考文献	Pita, C., S. Gamito and K. Erzini, 2002

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