| Main Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
|---|---|
| Anmärkningar | Prefers rocky bottom, particularly in kelp beds. Often feeds on hard-shelled organisms such as sea urchins, mollusks, lobsters and crabs. Spawning occurs during the summer and the eggs are pelagic (Ref. 9311). Lives to more than 50 years of age. Each individual functions first as a female but changes to a male at a length of about 30 cm. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
| Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
| Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Från födosammansättning | |||||
| Från individuella födoämnen | 3.56 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||