| Ref. principal | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Marine-stenohaline (Ref. 121811). A pelagic and demersal species found in coastal waters up to at least 50 m depth (Ref. 9283). Also found in an estuary (Ref. 121811). Juveniles are encountered near the surface (Ref. 9283). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 9283). Piscivore (Ref. 57615). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | : demersal; Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Murase, A., A. Angulo, Y. Miyazaki, W. Bussing and M. López, 2014 |
| Habitats especiais | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | schooling; |
| Associada com | |
| Comentários sobre associação | Generally forms schools near the bottom (Ref. 9283). |
| Parasitismo |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Grove, J.S. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1997 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.26 | 0.51 | 3.91 | 0.50 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.76 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | López-Peralta, R.H. and C.A.T. Arcila, 2002 | ||||