| Thông tin chủ yếu | Hart, J.L., 1973 |
|---|---|
| Các chú thích | Form schools in open water along steeply sloping shores or above rocky reefs; also holes up amid cracks and crevices of the sea floor (Ref. 27436). Juveniles found around floats and pilings (Ref. 27436). Feed on pelagic crustaceans, fishes and squids (Ref. 6885). Viviparous (Ref. 34817). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Tài liệu tham khảo | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Dạng thức ăn | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Hart, J.L., 1973 |
| Nơi ăn mồi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Rosenthal, R.J., V.M. O'Connell and M.C. Murphy, 1988 |
| Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | 4.15 | 0.55 | 3.97 | 0.61 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Từ các loại thức ăn | 3.51 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Tài liệu tham khảo | Rosenthal, R.J., V.M. O'Connell and M.C. Murphy, 1988 | ||||